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Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

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Staurois tuberilinguis

Recorded from mid- to high-elevation streams, 200–1800 m a.s.l., mostly above 500 m. Closely associated with small rocky streams. Adults perch on low vegetation along streams or on rocks, including vegetation growing within the stream channel. Tadpoles are strongly photophobic.
  • Family:
    Ranidae
  • Genus:
    Staurois
  • Ecomorph:
    exotrophic, fossorial, leaf-litter interstice specialist
  • Waterbody Type:
    flowing
  • Water Column:
    bottom|leaf litter
  • Feeding Type:
    feeding, generalist
  • Size:
    ? mm
  • Development:
    larva, tadpole
  • Adult:
    Staurois
    tuberilinguis

Coloration

Dorsal body and tail pigmented, with pigmentation rapidly decreasing ventrally. Flank and ventral skin semi-transparent, allowing internal organs to be visible. Skin highly vascularized, giving a general pinkish appearance.

Snout

Long, apex obtuse.

Oral Disc

Oral disc subterminal, approximately 60–63% of body width. Two rows of papillae on lateral portions of the lower lip, one row medially. A short accessory keratodont row present laterally at each corner of the oral disc. Beaks weak, finely serrated, weakly arched.

Body

Depressed, elliptical-elongate in dorsal view. Body widest at the level of the internal gills, with constriction between head and trunk. Ventral surface flat.

Eyes & Nostrils

Eyes dorsal, oriented dorsolaterally, not protruding. Nostrils round, small, rimmed, much closer to snout than to eyes.

Tail

Tail length 69–74% of total length. Muscular portion strong. Fins low; upper fin begins proximally with the second third of the tail. Tail tip moderately rounded. Spiracle sinistral, forming a short free tube, opening posteriorly.

Similar Species

General body shape similar to S. guttatus and S. parvus. Distinguishing features between S. guttatus and S. tuberilinguisinclude size, presence of lateral accessory keratodont rows, and marginal papilla arrangement: S. guttatus is smaller, lacks lateral accessory keratodont rows, and exhibits a small gap in the lower lip marginal papilla row.

Literature

Malkmus, R., Kosuch, J., Kreutz, J. (1999) Die Larve von Staurois tuberilinguis Boulenger, 1918. Eine neue centrolenidenähnliche Kaulquappe aus Borneo (Anura: Ranidae). Herpetozoa, 12: 17–22.

Grosjean, S., Preininger, D. (2020) Description of two Staurois tadpoles from Borneo, Staurois parvus and Staurois tuberilinguis (Anura: Ranidae). Zootaxa 4896: 523–534.