The Afro-Asian tree frogs represent a diverse group, with dozens of species recorded from Borneo. Some are endemic to the island, while others are more widespread across Southeast Asia. It is likely that future research will reveal additional, currently undescribed species.

The family Rhacophoridae includes a variety of ecological and morphological types: tree frogs such as Polypedates, some Rhacophorus, and Theloderma; flying frogs, including certain Rhacophorus; bush frogs (Philautus); jelly-nest tree frogs (Feihyla); and the Cinnamon Frog (Nyctixalus pictus).

Flying frogs have become famous in part due to mention by Alfred Russel Wallace, one of the pioneers of evolutionary biology, and because some species are capable of gliding, or more accurately, parachuting using their extensively webbed hands and feet. However, only a few species in the genus Rhacophorus possess well-developed gliding abilities. Most species have more limited webbing and are unable to glide effectively.

Many species of Rhacophorus and Polypedates lay eggs in foam nests, whereas species of Feihyla attach jelly clutches directly to leaves without forming foam.

In the genus Philautus, several species are believed to exhibit direct development, completing their entire development within the egg capsule without a free-swimming tadpole stage. However, our observations show that at least two species, P. macroscelis and P. nepenthophilus, produce free-swimming larvae. 

Another reproductive strategy is seen in Nyctixalus pictus, which is a phytotelm breeder. Its tadpoles develop in water-filled tree holes, completing their aquatic larval stage within this confined habitat.