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Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Frogs of Borneo

Limnonectes

palavanensis

Smooth Guardian Frog

Limnonectes palavanensis inhabits the forest floor of primary forest. Most often the species is found in the lowlands but it has been recorded up to 1300 m asl.

This species is relatively small: Males reach approximately 30 mm, females 40 mm. 

There is a V-shaped ridge between the sholders. The anterior part of the head is different in color and separated from the back coloration by a sharp interorbital band. Juveniles, and in some populations adults too, have a medial vertebral stripe. The call is a series of "quek" notes. There is an intervall of several minutes between calls.

Limnonectes palavanensis is currently under reviaion and most likely includes several species. We will account for that in the future and adjust the website accordingly.

Eggs are laid on the ground and are guarded by the male. Finally tadpoles hatch from the egg jelly, climb the male, and are transported by the male to a nearby body of water. This interesting reproductive behaviour can also be observed in L. finchi from Sabah. Expert Johana Goyes Vallejos gives more details: "Males produce advertisement calls from the leaf litter to attract females. After mating, the females deposit a small clutch of relatively large eggs (10–20 eggs, each measuring about 2.6 mm) on the forest floor. The male guards the egg clutch for 9 to 11 days after fertilization. Upon hatching, the tadpoles climb onto the dorsum of the male, who subsequently carries them to a small body of water. The exact mechanisms by which males locate these tadpole deposition sites, as well as the distances they travel to find them, remain unknown. After depositing the tadpoles, the male leaves, and the tadpoles develop independently." (read more )

We found tadpoles in shallow puddles with sandy-silty bottom on trails, and in quiet sections of small, slow moving streams. The tadpole is moderately dorsoventrally compressed. The tail is twice the length of the trunk and the tail fin is low, giving the tadpole a slender appearance in side view. The tail tip is pointed. Tadpoles may develop a medial stripe in advanced stages.